Researchers at The University of Hong Kong (HKU) have uncovered a critical, under-recognised trade-off in global environmental policies: While essential for improving public health, large-scale air pollution reductions are unintentionally intensifying warm-season surface urban heat islands (UHI) in humid climates.
A research team led by Professor
@Zhou_HKU, Department of Geography, Faculty of Social Sciences, and Professor Peng Gong, Vice-President and Pro-Vice-Chancellor (Academic Development), Chair Professor of Global Sustainability at the Department of Geography and the Department of Earth Sciences at HKU, has demonstrated that UHI responses to background aerosol mitigation diverge significantly depending on the local hydroclimate. When aerosols are reduced, more downward solar radiation reaches the Earth, warming both urban and rural surfaces.
In humid climates, such as East Asia and Indonesia, this creates a severe imbalance. Urban areas, dominated by impervious surfaces like concrete and asphalt, have limited capacity for evaporative cooling. In contrast, surrounding rural areas benefit from the increased sunlight, rainfall, and vegetation growth, which enhance their natural cooling processes. Consequently, urban warming significantly outpaces rural warming, exacerbating the UHI effect.
The urgency of this issue is most acute in rapidly urbanising humid zones, including parts of Asia, Africa, and South America. Published in the prestigious journal
@NatCities, the findings highlight the urgent need for integrated policies that address both air quality and urban heat adaptation, particularly in rapidly urbanising, humid regions.